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    • 专利摘要:
    hybrid heat exchanger apparatus adapted to cool a hot fluid to be cooled from a hot fluid source. a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus is described which includes a direct heat exchange device and an indirect heat exchange device and a method of operating the same which includes transporting a hot fluid to be cooled from a hot fluid source through the device from indirect heat exchange to a coolant distribution system. the hot fluid to be cooled is distributed from the cooling fluid distribution system to the direct heat exchange device. in a hybrid wet / dry mode, ambient air flows through both the indirect heat exchange device and the direct heat exchange device to generate hot humid air from the ambient air flowing through the direct heat exchange device and air hot dry from the ambient air flowing through the indirect heat exchange device.
    公开号:BR112013006027B1
    申请号:R112013006027-1
    申请日:2011-07-29
    公开日:2020-12-15
    发明作者:Thomas W. Bugler, Iii；Davey J. Vadder
    申请人:Evapco, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDER
    [001] This is a request for continuation of application No. 12 / 882,614, filed on September 15, 2010, the full text of which is incorporated by reference for all purposes. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [002] The present invention relates to a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus that operates in a wet mode and a hybrid wet / dry mode in order to conserve water and possibly reduce fog. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [003] Heat exchangers are well known in the art. As an example, a conventional heat exchanger 2 is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 1 and is sometimes referred to as a "cooling tower". The heat exchanger 2 includes a container 4, a direct heat exchange device 6, a conventional cooling fluid distribution system 8, an air flow mechanism such as a fan assembly 10 and a controller 12. The container 4 has a top wall 4a, a bottom wall 4b and a plurality of side walls 4c. The walls of the plurality of side walls 4c are connected together and connected to the top wall 4a and the bottom wall 4b to form a generally box-shaped chamber 14. The chamber 14 has a portion of the water basin chamber 14a, a portion of the outlet chamber 14b and a portion of the central chamber 14c. The portion of the water basin 14a is defined by the bottom wall 4b and lower portions of the side walls 4c. The water basin portion 14a contains cooled fluid, discussed in more detail below. The outlet chamber portion 14b is defined by the top wall 4a and upper portions of the side walls 4c. The central chamber portion 14c is defined between two or more central portions of the connected side walls 4c and is positioned between the water basin chamber portion 14a and the outlet chamber portion 14b. The top wall 4a is formed with an air outlet 16. The air outlet 16 is in fluid communication with the outlet chamber portion 14b. Also, for this particular conventional heat exchanger 2, each of the side walls 4c is formed with an air inlet 18 in communication with the central chamber portion 14c. A plurality of blind modules 20 is mounted on the side walls 4c at the respective air intakes 18. The plurality of blind modules 20 is arranged adjacent and above the portion of the water basin chamber 14a and is operative to allow ambient air, illustrated as Cold Air INPUT arrows, enter the central chamber portion 14c.
    [004] The direct heat exchange device 6 is arranged in the portion of the central chamber 14c, and extends through it, adjacent and below the portion of the outlet chamber 14b. The direct heat exchange device 6 is operative to transport a hot fluid, illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow, through it from a hot fluid source 22. Those skilled in the art should realize that the hot fluid is typically water , but it may be some other liquid fluid. The hot fluid exits the direct heat exchange device 6 as a cooled fluid, illustrated as a Cooled Fluid OUT arrow. Although the direct heat exchange device 6 is illustrated diagrammatically as a structure of film-filling material, those skilled in the art should understand that the direct heat exchange device 6 can be any other conventional direct heat exchange device, such as a splash bar or splash platform structure.
    [005] The cooling fluid distribution system 8 includes a distributor for fluid distribution 24 which extends through the central chamber portion 14c and is arranged above and adjacent to the direct heat exchange device 6. In a Pump ON state , a pump 26 is operative to pump the hot fluid illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow from the hot fluid source 22 to and through the dispenser for fluid delivery 24. Thus, the hot fluid illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow is distributed in the direct heat exchange device 6, represented by the water droplets 28 in figure 1. When the water droplets 28 drip onto the direct heat exchange device 6 and in the chamber portion of the water basin 14a, the conventional heat exchanger 2 is considered to be in a WET mode. Water droplets 28 accumulate in the water bowl chamber portion 14a as the cooled fluid, which is normally pumped back to the hot fluid source 22 represented by the Cooled Fluid OUT arrow.
    [006] As illustrated in figure 1, the cooling fluid delivery system 8 includes a plurality of spray nozzles 30. The spray nozzles 30 are connected to the distributor for fluid distribution 24, and are in fluid communication with the same. , so that the pump 26 pumps the hot fluid from the hot fluid source 22 to the distributor for fluid distribution 24 and through the spray nozzles 30. However, those skilled in the art should realize that, instead of the fluid distribution system cooling system 8 including spray nozzles 30, the cooling fluid delivery system 8 may include a dam arrangement, a drip arrangement or some other conventional fluid distribution arrangement with or without spray nozzles.
    [007] Furthermore, in figure 1, the heat exchanger 2 includes an elimination structure 32 that extends through the chamber 14 and is arranged between the distributor for fluid distribution 24 and the air outlet 16. The elimination structure 32 is positioned in such a way that the outlet chamber portion 14b of the chamber 14 is disposed above the disposal structure 32 and the central chamber portion 14c of the chamber 14 is disposed below the disposal structure 32.
    [008] In a Fan ON state shown in figure 1, the fan assembly 10 is operative to cause the ambient air represented by the Cold Air INPUT arrows to flow through the heat exchanger 2 from the air inlet 18, through from the direct heat exchange device 6 and the distributor for fluid distribution 24 and through the air outlet 16. As shown in figure 1, in the WET Mode, hot humid air represented by the Hot Humid Air Exit Arrow flows out of the outlet of air 16. As known in the art, the fan assembly 10 shown in figures 1 and 2 is an induced entrainment system to induce ambient air to flow through container 4, as illustrated.
    [009] The controller 12 is operative to selectively energize or de-energize the cooling fluid distribution system 8 and the fan assembly 10, automatically or manually switching the cooling fluid distribution system 8 and the fan assembly 10 between its respective ON and OFF states in order to make the heat exchanger 2 operate both in the WET mode and in the OFF mode (not shown). The controller 12 can be an electromechanical device, an electronic device operated by software or even a human operator. For the heat exchanger 2 to be in the OFF mode, that is, in an inoperative mode, the controller 12 switches the fan assembly 10 to the Fan ON state and switches pump 26 to Pump OFF status. In figure 1, for the heat exchanger 2 to be in Wet mode, the controller 12 switches the fan assembly 10 to the Fan ON state and switches the pump 26 to the Pump ON state. More particularly, in the WET mode, both the fan assembly 10 and the cooling fluid distribution system 8 are energized, causing the ambient air (Cold Air Inlet arrows) to flow through the direct heat exchange device 6 and the hot fluid is distributed in the direct heat exchange device 6, or through it, to generate the hot humid air (Hot Humid Air EXIT arrow in figure 1) that comes out through the air outlet 16.
    [0010] During the year, heat exchanger 2 operates in wet mode. Sometimes, during the spring, autumn and winter months, ambient conditions cause the hot humid air that comes out of the heat exchanger to condense, thereby forming a visible mist P of condensed water. Occasionally, the general public mistakenly perceives this visible mist P of condensed water as polluting smoke. Also, some people, who know that this mist P is merely condensed water, believe that the tiny droplets of water that make up the visible mist P may contain disease-causing bacteria. As a result, a heat exchanger that spits out a visible mist P of condensed water is undesirable.
    [0011] There are two limitations regarding heat exchangers that the present invention addresses. First, particularly in cold climates, cooling towers can emit smoke when the hot moist air being discharged by the unit encounters the cold dry air in the environment. The general public sometimes mistakenly perceives this visible mist of condensed water as smoke polluting the air. Second, water is considered a scarce and valuable resource in certain regions. In certain aspects of the present invention, there is an increased ability to perform the cooling functions in a DRY mode, although little or no water is required to achieve the cooling function.
    [0012] Versed in the art, they realize that the diagrammatic views provided here are figures of representative drawings that represent both a single heat exchanger described here and a bank of heat exchangers.
    [0013] It would be beneficial to provide a heat exchanger that conserves water. It would also be beneficial to provide a heat exchanger that can also inhibit the formation of condensed water fumes. The present invention provides these benefits. OBJECTIVES AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0014] It is an objective of the invention to provide a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus that can inhibit the formation of a condensed water smoke when ambient conditions are ideal for its formation.
    [0015] It is another objective of the invention to provide a hybrid heat exchanger that conserves water by the best dry cooling capabilities.
    [0016] In this way, a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention is described below. The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention is adapted to cool a hot fluid flowing from a hot fluid source and includes an indirect heat exchange device, a cooling fluid distribution system and a direct heat exchange device. . The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention also includes a device such as the pump for transporting the hot fluid to be cooled from the hot fluid source via the indirect heat exchange device to the cooling fluid distribution system for distributing the coolant. hot fluid to be cooled from the cooling fluid distribution system in the direct heat exchange device. The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention additionally includes an air flow mechanism such as a fan assembly to cause ambient air to flow through both the indirect heat exchange device and the direct heat exchange device in order to to generate hot humid air from the ambient air that flows through the direct heat exchange device and hot dry air from the ambient air that flows through the indirect heat exchange device. One aspect of the present invention mixes hot moist air and hot dry air with one another to form a hot mixture of them to decrease smoke if the appropriate ambient conditions are present. Another aspect of the present invention isolates warm moist air and warm dry air from each other and therefore does not necessarily decrease smoke, but it does conserve water.
    [0017] A method inhibits the formation of a water-based condensate from the heat exchanger apparatus which is operative to cool a hot fluid to be cooled which flows into a hot fluid source. The heat exchanger apparatus has an indirect heat exchange device, a cooling fluid distribution system and a direct heat exchange device. The method includes the steps of: - transporting the hot fluid to be cooled from the hot fluid source through the indirect heat exchange device to the cooling fluid distribution system; - distribute the hot fluid to be cooled from the cooling fluid distribution system in the direct heat exchange device; and - causing ambient air to flow through both the indirect heat exchange device and the direct heat exchange device to generate hot humid air from the ambient air flowing through the direct heat exchange device and hot dry air from ambient air flowing through the indirect heat exchange device.
    [0018] These objectives and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in view of the detailed description of the exemplary modalities of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional heat exchanger operating in a wet mode.
    [0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet mode.
    [0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in a hybrid wet / dry mode.
    [0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet mode.
    [0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet / dry hybrid mode.
    [0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the third exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet / dry hybrid mode.
    [0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet / dry hybrid mode.
    [0026] Figure 8 is a flow chart of a method of operating the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus from the first to the fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
    [0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a fifth exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet / dry hybrid mode.
    [0028] Figure 10 is a flow chart of a method of operating the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
    [0029] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a sixth exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet / dry hybrid mode.
    [0030] Figure 12 is a flow chart of a method of operating the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
    [0031] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a seventh exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention operating in the wet / dry hybrid mode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY MODALITIES
    [0032] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures in the attached drawing. The structural components common to those of the prior art and the structural components common to the respective modalities of the present invention will be represented by the same symbols and their repeated description will be omitted. In addition, terms such as "cold", "hot", "wet", "dry" and the like should be interpreted only as relative terms as should be understood by those skilled in the art and should not be interpreted in any limiting manner, any let it be her.
    [0033] A first exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100 of the present invention is described below with reference to figures 2 and 3. The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100 is adapted to cool the hot fluid, that is, the fluid hot to be cooled and illustrated as the Hot Fluid INPUT arrow from the hot fluid source 22. The hybrid heat exchanger 100 includes container 4, a direct heat exchange device 106a, an indirect heat exchange device 106b, a cooling fluid distribution system 108, the pump 26, the fan assembly 10 and a controller 112. The direct heat exchange device 106a is arranged in the portion of the central chamber 14c, and extends partially through it , adjacent and below the outlet chamber portion 14b. The direct heat exchange device 106a is operative to transport the hot fluid to be cooled (illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow) through it from the coolant delivery system 108.
    [0034] As shown in figures 2 and 3, the indirect heat exchange device 106b is disposed in the central chamber portion 14c, and extends partially through it, adjacent and below the outlet chamber portion 14b. The indirect heat exchange device 106b is operative to remain in selective fluid communication with the direct heat exchange device 106a discussed in more detail below. The indirect heat exchange device 106b and the direct heat exchange device 106a are juxtaposed to each other.
    [0035] As shown in figures 2 and 3, the cooling fluid delivery system 108 includes the fluid delivery distributor 24 which extends through the central chamber portion 14c. The fluid dispenser 24 has a first fluid dispenser section 24a which is arranged above and adjacent to the direct heat exchange device 106a and a second fluid dispenser section 24b which is in selective fluid communication with the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a. The second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b is arranged above and adjacent to the indirect heat exchange device 106b. The pump 26 operating in the ON pump state to pump the hot fluid (illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow) to be cooled from the hot fluid source 22 to the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a via the heat exchange device indirect 106b or to the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a via the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b. The fan assembly 10 is operative to cause ambient air illustrated as the Cold Air INPUT arrows to flow through the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100 from the air inlet 16, through the indirect heat exchange device 106b, of the device direct heat exchanger 106a and the distributor for fluid distribution 24 and through the air outlet 18. Controller 112 is operative to make the hybrid heat exchanger 100 operate in both a WET and a WET mode / DRY HYBRID.
    [0036] In the WET mode shown in figure 2, the fan assembly 10 and the pump 26 are de-energized in their respective ON states, while the indirect heat exchange 106b and the direct heat exchange 106a are in fluidic isolation one from another and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b are in fluid communication with each other. As a result, the ambient air illustrated as the Cold Air INPUT arrow flows through the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the direct heat exchange device 106a so that the hot fluid to be cooled (illustrated as an INPUT arrow of Hot Fluid) is distributed to humidify the direct heat exchange device 106a from the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and to humidify the indirect heat exchange device 106b from the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b in order to generate HOT WET AIR which subsequently exits through the air outlet 16. In the wet mode for the first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger 100 of the present invention, the indirect heat exchanger 106b operates in a heat exchange state direct.
    [0037] In the WET / DRY HYBRID mode shown in figure 3, both the fan assembly 10 and the pump 26 are de-energized in their respective ON states, while the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the first section of the distributor for distribution of fluid 24a are in fluid communication and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b are in fluid isolation from each other. As a result, ambient air (illustrated as the Cold Air INPUT arrows) flows through the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the direct heat exchange device 106a so that the hot fluid to be cooled (illustrated as an arrow Hot Fluid INPUT) to be distributed to humidify the direct heat exchange device 106a from the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a in order to generate HOT WET AIR (See figure 3), still allowing the heat exchange device indirect heat 106b is dried in order to generate HOT DRY AIR (See figure 3) which subsequently mixes with HOT MOIST AIR to form a HOT AIR MIXTURE represented by the HOT AIR MIXTURE arrow that subsequently exits through the air outlet 18. In mode HYBRID WET / DRY For the first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100 of the present invention, the indirect heat exchange device 106b operates in an indirect heat exchange state eta.
    [0038] Versed in the technique, they realize that the mixture of HOT DAMAGED AIR and HOT DRY AIR to form the HOT AIR MIXTURE is achieved due to the torrent of air that flows through container 4 as well as through the fan assembly 10. Mixing additional, if desired, can also be achieved in the manner discussed below.
    [0039] Only by way of example, and not of limitation, and for the first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100 of the present invention, the indirect heat exchange device 106b is a simple continuous tubular structure which is shown in the figures of the drawing as a single continuous tube 34 and the direct heat exchange device 106a is a filler material structure. However, those skilled in the art must realize that, in practice, the tubular structure is actually manufactured from a plurality of tubes lined up in rows. In addition, as is known in the art, heat exchangers sometimes use filler, as a direct heat transfer medium and previously mentioned as a filler material structure, either alone or in conjunction with coils, such as the invention described in US Patent No. 6,598,862. Again, just by way of example, the simple continuous tubular structure 34 of the indirect heat exchange device 106b has a plurality of straight tube sections 34a and a plurality of curved return sections 34b interconnecting the straight tube sections 34a. Again, just by way of example, each straight tube section 34a carries a plurality of fins 36 connected therein to form a finned tube structure.
    [0040] In figures 2 and 3, the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 10 includes the elimination structure 32. The elimination structure 32 extends through the chamber 14 and is arranged between the distributor for fluid distribution 24 and the air outlet 16. The outlet chamber portion 14b of the chamber 14 is arranged above the disposal structure 32 and the central chamber portion 14c of the chamber 14 disposed below the disposal structure 32.
    [0041] For the first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger 100 illustrated in figures 2 and 3, the cooling fluid distribution system 108 includes a first valve 40a, a second valve 40b and a third valve 40c. The first valve 40a is disposed between the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b. The second valve 40b is arranged downstream of an outlet of the indirect heat exchange device 106bo of the indirect heat exchange device 106b and between the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b . The third valve 40c is arranged downstream of the pump 26 and upstream of a second inlet of the distributor section for fluid distribution 24bi of the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b. In the WET mode shown in figure 2, the first valve 40a is in an open state to fluidly connect the first and second sections of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and 24b, respectively, the second valve 40b is in a closed state to fluidly isolate the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the third valve 40c is in the open state for fluidly connecting the hot fluid source 22 and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b. In the HYBRID WET / DRY mode in figure 3, the first valve 40a is in a closed state to fluidly isolate the first and second sections of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and 24b, respectively, the second valve 40b is in an open state for fluidly connect the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the third valve 40c is closed to fluidly isolate the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b and the hot fluid source 22 .
    [0042] Controller 112 is operative to energize or de-energize pump 26 and / or fan assembly 10 by automatically or manually switching pump 26 and fan assembly 10 between their respective ON state and an OFF state as is known in the art . For the first exemplary modality of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100, controller 112 is also operative to move the first valve 40a, the second valve 40b and the third valve 40c to their respective open and closed states, and among them as illustrated by the legend in figures 2 and 3.
    [0043] A second exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 200 is illustrated in figures 4 and 5. The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 200 includes a mixing deflector structure 42 which extends through chamber 14 in its portion of the chamber outlet 14c. In figure 5, the mix deflector structure 42 assists in the mixture of HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR to form the HOT AIR MIXTURE preferably before it leaves the air outlet 16. In addition, the hybrid heat exchanger 200 has a cooling fluid distribution system 208 that includes a first three-way valve 40d and a second three-way valve 40e. The first three-way valve 40d is arranged between the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b and downstream of the output of the direct heat exchange device 106bo of the conventional direct heat exchange device 106b. The second three-way valve 40e is arranged downstream of the pump 26 and upstream of an inlet of the conventional indirect heat exchange device 106bi of the indirect heat exchange device 106b and upstream of the second inlet of the distributor section for fluid distribution 24bi the second section of the dispenser for dispensing fluid 24b.
    [0044] In the WET mode shown in figure 4, the first three-way valve 40d is in the open state to fluidly connect the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b and, in the closed state, to fluidly isolate the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the indirect heat exchange 106. Simultaneously to this, the second three-way valve 40e is in the open state to fluidly connect the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b and the hot fluid source 22 and, in the closed state, to fluidly isolate the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a. In HYBRID WET / DRY mode, the first three-way valve 40d is in an open state to fluidly connect the first distributor section for fluid distribution 24a and the indirect heat exchange device 106b and, in a closed state, to fluidly isolate the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b, and the second three-way valve 40e is in an open state to fluidly connect the hot fluid source 22 and the indirect heat exchange device 106b and, in a closed state, to fluidly isolate the second section of the dispenser for dispensing fluid 24b from the hot fluid source
    [0045] A controller (not shown in figures 4 and 5, but illustrated for example purposes in figures 1-3) is operative to energize or de-energize pump 26 and fan assembly 10 by automatically or manually switching pump 26 and the fan assembly 10 between an ON state and an OFF state and is also operative to move the first three-way valve 40d and the second three-way valve 40e to their respective open and closed states, and between them. For the sake of clarity of the figures in the drawing, the controller was not intentionally illustrated because those skilled in the art must realize that a controller can automatically change the ON and OFF states of the pump 26 and of the fan assembly 10 and can change the open and closed states of the valves. Alternatively, those skilled in the art should realize that the controller can be a human operator who can manually change the ON and OFF states of the pump 26 and the fan assembly 10, and can change the open and closed states of the valves. As a result, instead of illustrating a controller, the ON and OFF states of the pump 26 and the fan assembly 10, and the open and closed states of the valves are illustrated as a replacement for it.
    [0046] Just by way of example, and not by way of limitation, the hybrid heat exchanger 200 incorporates the indirect heat exchange device 106b as a simple continuous tubular structure formed in a serpentine configuration. However, all straight tube sections 34a are bare, that is, none of the straight tube sections include any fins. In addition, the direct heat exchange device 106a is a splash bar structure which is known in the art.
    [0047] A third exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 300 of the present invention is introduced in figure 6 in the HUMID / DRY HYBRID mode only. Here, the tube structure is a bare straight tube configuration. The bare straight tubes interconnect an input collector box 44a and an output collector box 44b as is known in the art.
    [0048] Additionally, the hybrid heat exchanger 300 includes a partition 38. The partition 38 is arranged between the direct heat exchange 106a and the indirect heat exchange 106b in order to vertically divide the direct heat exchange device 106a and the indirect heat exchange device 106b. When the hybrid heat exchanger device 300 is in the WET / DRY HYBRID mode, the direct wet heat exchange device 106a and the indirect dry heat exchange device 106b are clearly outlined. As such, a first operative zone Z1 of the central chamber portion 14c and a second operative zone Z2 of the central chamber portion 14c juxtaposed to the first operative zone Z1 are defined. The first operating zone Z1 of the central chamber portion 14c has a width of the first horizontal operating zone WZ1 and the second operating zone Z2 of the central chamber portion 14c has a width of the second horizontal operating zone WZ2. Just as an example, for the third exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 300 and the first and second exemplary embodiments of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 100 and 200 illustrated in figures 2-5, the width of the first horizontal operating zone WZ1 and the width of the second horizontal operating zone WZ2 are the same, or at least substantially the same.
    [0049] A fourth exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 400 of the present invention is introduced in figure 7 in the HUMID / DRY HYBRID mode only. Again, the tube structure is a bare straight tube configuration. The bare straight tubes interconnect the input collector box 44a and the output collector box 44b in a collector-box configuration as is known in the art. Note that the hybrid heat exchanger 400 includes partition 38. However, the width of the first horizontal operating zone WZ1 and the width of the second horizontal operating zone WZ2 are different from each other. More particularly, the width of the first horizontal operating zone WZ1 is less than the width of the second horizontal operating zone WZ2.
    [0050] For the fourth exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 400 of the present invention, instead of a set of the induced drag fan 10 shown in figures 1-6 shown mounted on the container 4 adjacent to the air outlet 16, a set fan 110, sometimes referred to as a forced air blower, is mounted on air inlet 18 as an alternative airflow mechanism. Thus, instead of an induced airflow system shown in figures 1-6, the hybrid heat exchanger 400 is considered a forced air system.
    [0051] In figure 8, a method is described to inhibit the formation of a water-based condensate from a heat exchanger apparatus for the first to fourth exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The heat exchanger apparatus is operative to cool a hot fluid to be cooled which flows from a hot fluid source and from the heat exchanger apparatus to the indirect heat exchange device 106b, the cooling fluid distribution system 108 and the direct heat exchange device 106a. Step S10 transports the hot fluid to be cooled (illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow in figures 2-7) from the hot fluid source 22 through the indirect heat exchange device 106b to the coolant distribution system 108. Step S12 distributes the hot fluid to be cooled (illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow in figures 2-7) from the cooling fluid distribution system 108 to the direct heat exchange device 106a. Step S14 causes ambient air (illustrated as the Cold Air INPUT arrow (s) in figures 27) to flow through both the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the direct heat exchange device 106a to generate AR HOT WET from ambient air flowing through direct heat exchange device 106a and HOT DRY AIR from ambient air flowing through indirect heat exchange device 106B. Step S16 mixes hot moist air and hot dry air with each other to form a HOT AIR MIXTURE of the same. THE HOT AIR MIXTURE leaves the heat exchanger.
    [0052] To improve the method of the present invention, it may be beneficial to also include another step. This step would provide the partition 38 that would extend vertically between the direct heat exchange device 106a and the indirect heat exchange device 106b in order to delineate at least substantially the first and second operating zones Z1 and Z2 between the heat exchange device direct heat 106a and the direct heat exchange device 106b.
    [0053] Ideally, the HOT AIR MIXTURE of the HOT HUMID AIR and the DRY HOT AIR exits the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus both without a visible mist P (see figure 1) of the water-based condensate and at least substantially without a mist visible P of the water-based condensate. However, those skilled in the art must realize that when the HOT AIR MIXTURE of HOT HUMID AIR and DRY HOT AIR exits the heat exchanger, visible clouds W of the water-based condensate, as shown in Figure 3, can appear externally to the heat exchanger apparatus without escaping the spirit of the invention.
    [0054] In order to carry out the method of the present invention, the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention adapted to cool the hot fluid (illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow) seeping from a hot fluid source 22 has the device indirect heat exchange system 106b, the cooling fluid distribution system 108 and the direct heat exchange device 106a. The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention includes a device such as pump 26 for conveying the hot fluid to be cooled from the hot fluid source 22 via the indirect heat exchange device 106b to the cooling fluid distribution system 108 and its associated fluid delivery distributor 24 for distributing the hot fluid to be cooled from the cooling fluid delivery system to the direct heat exchange device 106a. The hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention also includes an air flow mechanism such as fan assemblies 10 and 110 to cause ambient air to flow through both the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the air exchange device. direct heat 106a in order to generate the HOT WET AIR from the ambient air flowing through the direct heat exchange device 106a and the DRY HOT AIR from the ambient air flowing through the indirect heat exchange device 106b and a half to mix the HOT WET AIR and the HOT DRY AIR with each other to form a HOT AIR MIXTURE of them.
    [0055] However, those skilled in the art must realize that heat exchanger devices for induced air and forced air have high speed air flowing through them. As a result of this, it is conjectured that immediately after the ambient air passes through the respective direct and indirect heat exchanger devices, the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR start to mix. Furthermore, it is conjectured that the mixing also occurs as the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR flow through the fan assembly 10 of the induced air system. Thus, it may not be necessary to add the mix deflector structure 42 or any other device or structure to effectively mix the HOT WET AIR and the HOT DRY AIR into the hot air mixture to inhibit the formation of condensed water smoke to the as the hot air mixture leaves the container 14.
    [0056] To perform the method from the first to the fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pump 26 is in fluid communication only with the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and pumps the hot fluid to be cooled from the hot fluid source 22 for the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a via the indirect heat exchange device 106b while the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b is in fluid isolation with the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the pump 26. Since the cooling fluid delivery system 108 includes the plurality of spray nozzles 30 which are connected to the fluid delivery manifold 24, and are in fluid communication as the same, the pump 26 pumps the hot fluid to be cooled for the first section of the dispenser for dispensing fluid 24a from the dispenser for dispensing fluid 24 via the device indirect heat exchange device 106b and through the plurality of spray nozzles 30. Those skilled in the art should realize that the hot fluid source 22, the pump 26, the indirect heat exchange device 106b, the first section of the distributor for distribution of fluid 24a and the direct heat exchange device 106a are arranged in series in that order to perform the method of the present invention.
    [0057] A fifth exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger device 500 of the present invention in HUMID / DRY HYBRID mode is illustrated in figure 9. Just as an example, the hybrid heat exchanger device 500 includes a heat exchange device conventional direct beam 106a which incorporates, by way of example only, filler material and a conventional indirect heat exchange device 106b which incorporates a combination of straight tube sections 34a, some of which have fins 36 and some without fins. Note that the partition 38 is arranged between the direct heat exchange device 106a and the indirect heat exchange device 106b between the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b and between a first section the elimination structure 32a and a second elimination structure 32b and ends in contact with the top wall 4a of the container 4. In fact, the partition 38 acts as an insulating panel that insulates the HOT DAM and HOT DRY AIR each other inside the heat exchanger 500.
    [0058] Additionally, the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 500 includes a first fan assembly 10a and a second fan assembly 10b. The first fan assembly 10a causes the ambient air to flow through the direct heat exchange device 106a to generate the HOT WET AIR from the ambient air flowing through the direct wet heat exchange device 106a. The second fan assembly 10b causes ambient air to flow through the indirect heat exchange device 106b to generate HOT DRY AIR from the ambient air flowing through the dry direct heat exchange device 106b. Since the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR are isolated from each other, the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR are exhausted from the hybrid heat exchanger separately from each other. Specifically, the first fan assembly 10a exhausts the HOT WET AIR from the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 500 and the second fan assembly 10b exhausts the HOT DRY AIR from the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 500.
    [0059] Since the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR are isolated from each other, it is possible that a smoke P can form above the first fan assembly 10a in the appropriate atmospheric conditions. In summary, although the fifth modality of the hybrid heat exchanger 500 may not reduce smoke P, it does conserve water.
    [0060] In order to execute the method of the ninth modality of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 500 of the present invention, the steps of distributing evaporative cooling water in the heat exchanger device and causing ambient air to flow through the heat exchanger device are identical to the method for carrying out the method from the first to the fourth embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger device described above. In addition, in order to perform the method of the fifth mode of the hybrid heat exchanger device 500, the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR are isolated from each other inside the hybrid heat exchanger and then the HOT WET AIR and HOT DRY AIR they are then exhausted from the hybrid heat exchanger as separate airflow streams.
    [0061] For the modalities of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus of the present invention, water conservation is achieved basically in two ways. First, a smaller amount of the hot fluid to be cooled is used when the hybrid heat exchanger is in the hybrid WET / DRY mode than in the WET mode. For example, compare figures 2 and 3. Second, there is less evaporation of the hot fluid to be cooled in the HUMID / DRY HYBRID mode than in the WET mode. To further explain, in HYBRID WET / DRY mode, an upstream portion of the hot fluid to be cooled that flows through the indirect heat exchange device is cooled upstream by dry cooling and a downstream portion of the hot fluid (which has already flowed through the upstream indirect heat exchange device and was cooled by dry cooling) it is additionally cooled by the evaporative cooling of a direct to wet heat exchange device located downstream of the indirect heat exchange device. Thus, it is considered that the modalities of the hybrid heat exchanger have better dry cooling capacities in the HUMID / DRY HYBRID mode for water conservation and, possibly, for smoke reduction.
    [0062] A sixth exemplary modality of a hybrid heat exchanger device 600 is illustrated in figure 11 in its WET / DRY HYBRID mode. Note that the direct heat exchange device 106a is arranged in a juxtaposed manner upstream of the indirect heat exchange device 106b. As a result, the direct heat exchange device 106a is wetted with a portion of the hot fluid to be cooled illustrated as a Hot Fluid INPUT arrow and a remaining portion of the hot fluid to be cooled is transported through the heat exchange device. indirect 106b without humidifying. And, as previously described, ambient air flows through both the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the direct heat exchange device 106a to generate HOT WET AIR from the ambient air flowing through the direct heat exchange device 106a and HOT DRY AIR from the ambient air flowing through the indirect heat exchange device 106b.
    [0063] Additionally, the sixth exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger 600 includes a drain assembly 48. Drain assembly 48 includes a drain pipe 50 and a drain valve 40f. The drain tube 50 is connected at one end to the outlet of the indirect heat exchange device 106bo, and in fluid communication with it, of the indirect heat exchange device 106b and, at an opposite end, with the drain valve 40f . With the drain valve 40f in the open valve state, the remaining portion of the hot fluid to be cooled (which is now in the cooled fluid) is drained from the indirect heat exchange device 106b and into the water bowl chamber portion 14a.
    [0064] For the sixth exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger device 600 of the present invention, a method inhibits the formation of a water-based condensate from the hybrid heat exchanger device 600 which cools the hot fluid to be cooled which flows from the hot fluid source 22. The steps to perform this method are illustrated in figure 12. In step 210, the direct heat exchange device 106a is moistened with a portion of the hot fluid to be cooled. In step 212, a remaining portion of the hot fluid to be cooled is transported through the indirect heat exchange 106b without humidifying the indirect heat exchange device 106b. In step 214, ambient air is driven to flow through both the indirect heat exchange device 106b and the direct heat exchange device 106a to generate HOT WET AIR from the ambient air flowing through the direct heat exchange device. 106a and HOT DRY AIR from ambient air flowing through the indirect heat exchange device 106b.
    [0065] A seventh exemplary embodiment of a hybrid heat exchanger 700 of the present invention in the HUMID / DRY HYBRID mode is illustrated in figure 13. The seventh exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger 700 is similar to the first exemplary modality of the heat exchanger hybrid heat exchanger 100 previously discussed and illustrated in figure 3. Unlike the first exemplary embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 10, the seventh embodiment of the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus 700 includes a restricted bypass 52. The restricted bypass 52 interconnects the fluid source hot 22 (shown in figures 2 and 3) and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24a still deviating from the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution 24b. Although the hot fluid to be cooled flows through the indirect heat exchange device 106b, the restricted bypass 52 is operative to restrict the hot fluid to be cooled to flow through the indirect heat exchange device 106b. The valve 40d can be partially closed so that only a portion of the hot fluid to be cooled flows through the indirect heat exchange 106b. Those skilled in the art should realize that valve 40d can be an orifice plate or some other conventional flow restriction device to achieve the same objective as valve 40d.
    [0066] The present invention, however, can be conceived in several different forms and should not be interpreted in a limited way to the exemplary modalities presented here; instead, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is integral and complete and completely transfers the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. For example, although the figures in the drawing represent the first Z1 operative zone as a wet zone and the second Z2 operative zone as a dry zone, it is possible, with mechanical adjustments in some cases and without mechanical adjustments in other cases, that the first zone operand Z1 is a dry zone and the second operand Z2 is a wet zone. Furthermore, it is realized that all, some or none of the objectives, benefits and advantages of the invention are incorporated into the various claimed resources of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. Hybrid heat exchanger apparatus adapted to cool a hot fluid to be cooled from a hot fluid source (22), the heat exchanger apparatus comprises: an indirect heat exchange device (106b); a direct heat exchange device (106a); an air inlet (18) in a bottom portion and an air outlet (16) in a top portion; the two heat exchangers (106) being horizontally adjacent in a portion of the central chamber (14c) of the apparatus; a cooling fluid delivery system including a distributor for fluid distribution (24) having a first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) and a second section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24b) in fluid communication with each other another; means (30) for distributing the hot fluid to be cooled from the cooling fluid distribution system in the direct heat exchange device (106a); and means for causing ambient air to flow through both the indirect heat exchange device (106b) and direct heat exchange device (106a) to generate hot moist air from the ambient air flowing through the air exchange device direct heat and hot dry air from the ambient air flowing through the indirect heat exchange device; characterized by the fact that means are provided to transport the hot fluid to be cooled from the hot fluid source (22) through the indirect heat exchange device (160b) to the cooling fluid distribution system, wherein a cooling medium air flow (10) is effective in causing air to flow upwards from the inlet (18) through the two heat exchangers (106) in parallel and later through the outlet (16), in which the two sections the distributor (24a, 24b) are configured to be in selective fluid communication, and the device is configured to operate in both a wet and a hybrid wet / dry mode, in which in the wet mode the fluid to be cooled is distributed to from the first and second sections of the distributor (24a, 24b) in the direct and indirect heat exchange devices (106a, 106b) respectively, and in hybrid mode the second section of the distributor (24b) is closed from the fluid and the fluid is distributed in the exchange device direct heat (106a).
    [0002]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for transporting the hot fluid from the hot fluid source includes a pump (26) and a valve (40c) between the pump and the second section of the distributor (24b ) so that in hybrid mode the pump is in fluid communication only with the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) and is operative to pump the hot fluid to be cooled from the hot fluid source to the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) via the indirect heat exchange device (106b), while the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24b) is in fluid isolation with the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) and the pump (26).
    [0003]
    Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for distributing the hot fluid to be cooled includes a plurality of spray nozzles (30) connected to, and in fluid communication with, the distributor for fluid distribution (24), the pump operating to pump the hot fluid to be cooled to the distributor for dispensing fluid through the plurality of spray nozzles.
    [0004]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the hot fluid source (22), the pump (26), the indirect heat exchange device (106b), the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) and the direct heat exchange device (106a) are in fluid communication in series with each other in that order.
    [0005]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it additionally comprises means for mixing hot humid air and hot dry air with one another to form a mixture of hot air, the means for mixing air hot humid and hot dry air with each other includes a mixing deflector structure (42) positioned above the medium (24) to distribute the fluid to be cooled.
    [0006]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it additionally comprises an insulating means for isolating the hot humid air and the dry hot air from each other within the heat exchanger apparatus, the The insulation includes a partition (38) vertically arranged between the indirect heat exchange device (106b) and the direct heat exchange device (106a).
    [0007]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a container (4) having a top wall (4a), a bottom wall (4b) and a plurality of connected side walls (4c) on the top wall (4a) and the bottom wall (4b) to form a generally box-shaped chamber (14), the chamber (14) having a portion of the water basin chamber (14a) defined, in part, by the bottom wall to contain cooled fluid, a portion of the outlet chamber (14b) defined, in part, by the top wall and by the portion of the central chamber (14c) defined, in part, between opposite walls of the side walls and positioned between the water bowl chamber portion and the outlet chamber portion, the top wall being formed with the air outlet (16) in communication with the outlet chamber portion, at least one side wall being formed with the inlet air (18) in communication with the central chamber portion; wherein the direct heat exchange device is disposed in and partially extends through the portion of the adjacent central chamber and below the portion of the outlet chamber, and is operative to transport the hot fluid to be cooled therethrough from the system cooling fluid distribution; the indirect heat exchange device is arranged in and extends partially through the adjacent central chamber portion and below the outlet chamber portion, and is operative to remain in selective fluid communication with the direct heat exchange device; the cooling fluid delivery system including the dispenser for dispensing fluid which extends through the portion of the central chamber and has the first section of the dispenser for dispensing fluid arranged above and adjacent to the indirect heat exchange device; the apparatus additionally includes a controller (112) operable to cause the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus to operate either in a wet or a wet / dry hybrid mode; in which, in the wet mode, the airflow mechanism and the pump are energized in their respective connected states while the indirect heat exchange device and the direct heat exchange device are in fluidic isolation with each other, and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution are in fluid communication with each other, causing ambient air to flow through the indirect heat exchange device and the direct heat exchange device , so that the hot fluid to be cooled is distributed to humidify the direct heat exchange device of the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution and humidify the indirect heat exchange device of the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution in order to to generate hot moist air that subsequently exits through the air outlet; and in the hybrid wet / dry mode, both the airflow mechanism and the pump are energized in their respective connected states while the indirect heat exchange device and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution are in fluid communication, and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution are in fluidic isolation with each other, causing ambient air to flow through the indirect heat exchange device and the direct heat exchange device, so that the hot fluid to be cooled is distributed to humidify the direct heat exchange device of the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution to generate hot moist air, while allowing the indirect heat exchange device to be dried at to generate hot dry air.
    [0008]
    8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, in the hybrid wet / dry mode, the apparatus causes the hot humid air and the hot dry air to mix together to form a mixture of hot air which subsequently leaves through the air outlet.
    [0009]
    Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the partition (38) is arranged in the hybrid heat exchanger apparatus in a way to isolate the hot humid air and the dry hot air from each other within the apparatus heat exchanger heat so that hot humid air and hot dry air are exhausted separately (10a, 10b) from the hybrid heat exchanger.
    [0010]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cooling fluid distribution system includes a first valve, a second valve and a third valve, the first valve (40a) being arranged between the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) and the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24b), the second valve (40b) being arranged downstream of an outlet of the indirect heat exchange device of the exchange device indirect heat and between the first and second sections of the distributor for fluid distribution, and the third valve (40c) being arranged downstream of the pump and upstream of a second inlet of the distributor section for distribution of fluid from the second distributor section for fluid distribution (24b).
    [0011]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises an elimination structure (32) extending through the chamber (14) and arranged between the distributor for fluid distribution (24) and the air outlet (16), the portion of the chamber outlet chamber being disposed above the disposal structure and the central chamber portion of the chamber disposed below the disposal structure.
    [0012]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it additionally comprises a restricted bypass (52) interconnecting the hot fluid source (22) and the first section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24a) while bypassing the second section of the distributor for fluid distribution (24b) and operating to restrict the hot fluid to be cooled to flow through the indirect heat exchange device.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    RU2013116969A|2014-10-20|
    EP2616745A4|2015-04-01|
    CA2809783C|2019-01-22|
    MX341105B|2016-08-08|
    DK2616745T3|2017-01-30|
    EP2616745B1|2016-10-12|
    ES2869548T3|2021-10-25|
    WO2012036792A1|2012-03-22|
    US9091485B2|2015-07-28|
    MX2013002825A|2013-07-29|
    EP3173726A1|2017-05-31|
    PL3173726T3|2021-10-04|
    AU2011302607A1|2013-03-21|
    DK3173726T3|2021-06-21|
    EP2616745A1|2013-07-24|
    EP3173726B1|2021-04-07|
    BR112013006027A2|2016-06-07|
    ES2610958T3|2017-05-04|
    US20120061055A1|2012-03-15|
    CN103119375B|2016-03-16|
    CA2809783A1|2012-03-22|
    CN103119375A|2013-05-22|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-11-19| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    US88261410A| true| 2010-09-15|2010-09-15|
    US12/882614|2010-09-15|
    US12/906,674|US9091485B2|2010-09-15|2010-10-18|Hybrid heat exchanger apparatus and method of operating the same|
    US12/906674|2010-10-18|
    PCT/US2011/045945|WO2012036792A1|2010-09-15|2011-07-29|Hybrid heat exchanger apparatus and method of operating the same|
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